Hidden beauty: Careful cleaning reveals beautiful color on this Chinese antique sideboard from Shanxi

Chinese shifu scholar 225x300 Hidden beauty: Careful cleaning reveals beautiful color on this Chinese antique sideboard from Shanxi

You never really know what you will find when you start on restoration of an antique. Experience helps but its nevertheless often times more art then process. Since some customers, particularly those in the know, prefer to select antique pieces in un-restored form, which while exciting and educating, can present some tricky problems for the restorer, especially if what the customer is after is the color of the piece. So where does the problem lay? Well… what you are seeing is not color. That beautiful patina on the un-restored piece is actually dirt and grime built up over the years, as opposed to actual color. Like that rustic “limed finish look” on that un-restored antique table? Then know that its actually just gray dust and after restoration we will need to somehow recreate that effect. For the restorer, the challenge is to remove dirt and build up while retaining the patina. Other times though, this is all part of the fascinating and revealing process with at times, very pleasant surprises.

Antique long chinese sideboard from Shanxi 300x225 Hidden beauty: Careful cleaning reveals beautiful color on this Chinese antique sideboard from Shanxi

Take this antique sideboard from the Shanxi – Shandong region in northern China. Though a fairly common sideboard, the eight painted figures were remarkably well preserved and this alone makes this piece worthy of a purchase decision. The image above was taken at the time of purchase.

20100812521 exposure 300x225 Hidden beauty: Careful cleaning reveals beautiful color on this Chinese antique sideboard from Shanxi

Note that this sort of sideboard would open across the top front in three half depth panels which lift up. Many of these antique Chinese sideboards seen on the market today have been in fact been modified for contemporary use and the doors are rarely original. In this case, the customer (wisely) choose to retain its original form and opted out for such modifications, which would have detracted from the value of such a wonderful cabinet. The next step is careful cleaning to remove the years of use in the countryside and in this case the results were better then expected.

before restoration and cleaning1 214x300 Hidden beauty: Careful cleaning reveals beautiful color on this Chinese antique sideboard from Shanxi after cleaning the painting 224x300 Hidden beauty: Careful cleaning reveals beautiful color on this Chinese antique sideboard from Shanxi

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Faux and distressed finishes: A “start to finish” look at creating a hand-rubbed black lacquer finish.

Copy of chinese distressed faux antique finishes Faux and distressed finishes: A start to finish look at creating a hand rubbed black lacquer finish.

I find the processes used in the workshop fascinating, and though others might enjoy it if I share some of them here. Today we look at the steps taken from start to finish to create one type of finish: a slightly distressed thick black lacquer finish with hand rubbed  edges.

Chinese finishes before and after distressing 300x200 Faux and distressed finishes: A start to finish look at creating a hand rubbed black lacquer finish.In this case, the project was a large floor standing mirror with thick rounded edges.

lacquer over wood frame 300x200 Faux and distressed finishes: A start to finish look at creating a hand rubbed black lacquer finish. Step one: After applying a base layer of gesso, multiple coats of black lacquer are applied to a wood frame allowing for time to dry in between each coat. Elmwood is used for the frame in this case, due to the large size of this particular mirror frame.
Step two: After the lacquer has been given sufficient time to properly dry, edges are scraped away, down to the bare wood, with a dull blade or scrapper. distressed finish furniture edging 300x200 Faux and distressed finishes: A start to finish look at creating a hand rubbed black lacquer finish.

Edges and any other protruding surfaces are then scraped again this time using the flat portion of the blade to create and irregular effect and to imitate wear and tear.

distressed finish furniture edging 2 300x135 Faux and distressed finishes: A start to finish look at creating a hand rubbed black lacquer finish.

Since each piece is hand rubbed, no two will ever be exactly the same and this is a highly subjective process which varies depending on the overall structure of the item.

Depending on the structure of the piece, one would normally scrape away areas of heavy use, joints or areas likely to be easily rubbed over the years in passing.  If the intended look is just distressed, this will suffice.  For an actual “antiqued” effect, the the bottom areas would require more attention as these areas would normally be subject to more wear and tear. Opinions may vary on what is “natural looking” and whats not depending on the artisan and the intended recipient.

20100819544 300x214 Faux and distressed finishes: A start to finish look at creating a hand rubbed black lacquer finish.
distressed finish furniture edging 3 300x106 Faux and distressed finishes: A start to finish look at creating a hand rubbed black lacquer finish.

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A quick look at some beautiful antique shanxi painted furniture in unrestored form

shanxi painted lacquered furniture sdc14031 225x300 A quick look at some beautiful antique shanxi painted furniture in unrestored form

During a recent buying excursion, I stumbled across these beautiful lacquered / painted armoires, from Shanxi province in Northern China.  While not nearly as prized by Chinese buyers, who often prefer hardwoods like Hua li or Hong mu, the status of Shanxi painted furniture has nevertheless risen significantly over the years for its beauty and stunning colors and is a favorite of the noted Chinese collector Co La Ma.

Shanxi painted furniture 225x300 A quick look at some beautiful antique shanxi painted furniture in unrestored form

Particularly interesting, is this close-up section of a door panel. Notice the change in color and patina which has occurred over the years? Once covered by a brass plate which was removed/lost within the last twenty or thirty years, (possibly during the great leap forward), the left side (where the colors are beautiful and subtle) has survived the years, protected by the brass or iron plate that would have originally been there. The colors on the right are faded and muted by comparison. The effect of daily life, pollution, coal dust and years of rough handling and exposure to the elements is clearly visible.

And yet, it remains beautiful. Known as “Bu Wen Qi” or “Da Qi,” the process used in this style of Chinese lacquering is both complex and unique. The first step would have involved covering the raw wood construction with a base layer of hemp, horsehair, straw or other fabric depending on the period in which it was made.  This allows for the wood frame construction to shift to some degree without damaging the rigid upper layer of hardened lacquer.  On older pieces this sometimes still visible in damaged areas and can be a good indicator of age.

The second step is the application of an even layer of gesso known as “ni zi, ” consisting of plaster mixed with pigs blood (which must be applied within a set period of time lest it spoil). This provides the base material and smooths any impurities or flaws in the wood, straw or fabric below. The third step is multiple coats of natural resin based lacquer, with vibrant red or “ink black” being the two most commonly used colors. Each coat of lacquer must be dried, and carefully wet sanded by hand with a very fine abrasive paper before receiving the next coat. The process is then repeated several times with even the most common pieces receiving at least five to seven coats, until the surface becomes smooth, glassy and mirror like. Finally in the forth step, an artist carefully hand paints motifs ranging from flowers and vases to city scenes to people.

Restoration of such pieces requires a extremely skilled craftsman in order to avoid further damage to the piece and to restore it to its former beauty.

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The real deal: Looking back a few hundred years at an authentic chinese alter table

This enormous solid wood console (over two meters) which probably dates back to the Ming Dynasty, originally made its home in a temple in Shanxi province before being stumbled upon by us in the far off, dusty dirty corners of the antiques trade. Known in Chinese as a “Gong An,” or roughly a”temple table” the name alludes to its former use and one can’t help but imagine monks keeping quarters with this table. Modestly estimated to be approximately 300 years old, there are several clues to look that allude to its age starting with the wood below the hardware worn to the bone from endless contact over the years.

Note: All images are clickable.

A common feature on many genuine antiques is defacement from the cultural revolution or “Wénhuà Dà Gémìng,” a period of great political and social turmoil in China’s recent history. From roughly 1966 to 1976 Mao Zedong launched a massive campaign to destroy the “four olds”, namely old ideas, old culture, old customs, and old habits. During this time, Red Guards burned antique books, ransacked architecture, shattered old porcelain and destroyed or defaced carvings and even whole pieces of furniture. On the table below, the faces have been rudely hacked away.

 

 The real deal: Looking back a few hundred years at an authentic chinese alter table

The “chao tou” or wing-like swooping edges of the table are carved from a single large log with no visual seams or joints; a practice rarely used in contemporary times.

819.thumbnail The real deal: Looking back a few hundred years at an authentic chinese alter table

816 The real deal: Looking back a few hundred years at an authentic chinese alter table

A second clue to its age and origin is the thin layer or coarse horse hair mesh, between the wood and the lacquer. Not quite refined enough to be considered fabric, this rough layer of hair allows the wood below some freedom to expand and contract according the climate and humidity without cracking the lacquer above.

 The real deal: Looking back a few hundred years at an authentic chinese alter table

And then there is the original finish, crackled beautifully through the endless passing of time.

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Restoring a Chinese mahjong table with a bit of pyrotechnics!

I get so backed up with blog posts, because there is so many interesting and fascinating things to see and talk about. And being detailed oriented, I really want to spend the time to talk about each item in detail, the history behind it, where it comes from and all the other details that make it all so interesting. Unfortunately work calls and so I must to sometimes, just simply be brief! With that said, here is an interesting photo I took in the factory a few days ago. This is a Chinese mahjong table which needed to have the top floating panel replaced due to cracking or some other form of damage. What makes this so interesting, is how they accomplish this.

 change color of wood.thumbnail Restoring a Chinese mahjong table with a bit of pyrotechnics!

In order to match the color of the original wood, the replacement panel must be lightened. To darken a piece there are several methods the most common one being a coat of stain or varnish.  However, in this case the issue is the opposite: the wood here is too dark to match the base color of the original material. So how does one lighten the color of wood? By applying an alcohol based solution and some heat, the color of the wood will essentially lighten thus matching the color of the original color.

 change color of wood 2.thumbnail Restoring a Chinese mahjong table with a bit of pyrotechnics!

The end result would look something like this table sold by EMWA  Furniture in Australia.

mahjongtable.thumbnail Restoring a Chinese mahjong table with a bit of pyrotechnics!

 

Wood furniture polishes and wood furniture care

s6000422.thumbnail Wood furniture polishes and wood furniture care

We carry two main brands of wax polish for furniture. Both are hard wax polishes.

  1. Golden Rooster is domestic brand which seems to be partnered with Kiwi. While this works fine, there is chemical smell to the wax which I personally find undesirable. It relatively inexpensive.
  2. Harrell’s Traditional Wax Furniture Polish contains beeswax and is a bit more expensive but is an imported brand which has been around for over 75 years. It is a well known brand and many professional restorers prefer this wax. Its available in 5 colors (Antique – Khaki – Colorless – Red Mahogany – Georgian Mahogany) though we may not always have all colors in stock.
cp1.thumbnail Wood furniture polishes and wood furniture care
Golden Rooster (domestic brand which seems to be partnered with Kiwi).
 Wood furniture polishes and wood furniture care
Harrell’s Traditional Wax Polish

A bit about wax polishes

Furniture waxes are generally grouped according to their origin with the main three types being:

  1. Animal based: Beeswax is a very common componant of furniture waxes though is typically combined with other waxes to avoid what is know as fingerprinting. (Pure bees wax fingerprints easily due to its low melting temperature). Lac wax and Lanolin are also sometimes used.
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The specialists guide to Chinese antiques is Stephen Fry proof thanks to caching by WP Super Cache