{"id":1102,"date":"2010-06-18T07:22:16","date_gmt":"2010-06-17T23:22:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.antique-chinese-furniture.com\/blog\/?p=1102"},"modified":"2022-07-28T19:17:47","modified_gmt":"2022-07-28T11:17:47","slug":"chinese-buyer-who-refused-to-pay-for-looted-bronzes-weeps-as-he-realizes-that-his-credibility-is-shot","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.antique-chinese-furniture.com\/blog\/2010\/06\/18\/chinese-buyer-who-refused-to-pay-for-looted-bronzes-weeps-as-he-realizes-that-his-credibility-is-shot\/","title":{"rendered":"Chinese buyer who refused to pay for Chinese looted bronzes weeps as he realizes that his credibility is shot."},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p><em>Without saying if I agree or disagree, <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.museum-security.org\/?p=1761\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>here are t<\/em><\/a><em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.museum-security.org\/?p=1761\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">wo interesting articles<\/a> which I picked up off the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.museum-security.org\/\">Museum Security Network<\/a> website (though one was originally from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/apps\/news?pid=20601085&amp;sid=a3rxqd8YbQMY&amp;refer=europe#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bloomberg<\/a>) regarding last years <a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/wp-dyn\/content\/article\/2009\/02\/24\/AR2009022402290.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">controversial auction<\/a> of\u00a0 a bronze heads of a rat and a rabbit looted from\u00a0 Beijing&#8217;s Summer Palace\u00a0 in 1860<\/em> <em>.\u00a0 Interesting perspectives &#8211; one must wonder if Cai Ming Chao simply &#8220;got caught up in it all?&#8221;<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:65px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chinese Art Dealer in Unpaid YSL Bronzes Furor Weeps as he realizes that his credibility is shot.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>March 10 (Bloomberg) &#8212; <a href=\"https:\/\/search.bloomberg.com\/search?q=Cai+Mingchao&amp;site=wnews&amp;client=wnews&amp;proxystylesheet=wnews&amp;output=xml_no_dtd&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;oe=UTF-8&amp;filter=p&amp;getfields=wnnis&amp;sort=date:D:S:d1\">Cai Mingchao<\/a> (\u8521\u94ed\u8d85) the Chinese art dealer who is refusing to pay for the $40 million Qing bronzes he successfully bid for in the <a href=\"https:\/\/search.bloomberg.com\/search?q=Yves+Saint+Laurent&amp;site=wnews&amp;client=wnews&amp;proxystylesheet=wnews&amp;output=xml_no_dtd&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;oe=UTF-8&amp;filter=p&amp;getfields=wnnis&amp;sort=date:D:S:d1\">Yves Saint Laurent<\/a> auction, wept when he realized that his credibility was shot and he may now have to close his business.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cai, 44, spoke in an interview after turning away hundreds of calls from reporters about the Feb. 25 sale. He was <a title=\"Chinese bidder can\u2019t pay, won\u2019t pay for YSL auction statues\" href=\"https:\/\/www.timesonline.co.uk\/tol\/news\/world\/article5829613.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">praised in China<\/a> for walking away from the bronzes, which were plundered by foreign troops, and has been condemned by other dealers. In the world of high-end art sales, where millions of dollars worth of items may sell on the basis of a phone call or handshake, defaulting is seen as unprofessional.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThis has damaged me: I have lost the business I love,\u201d said Cai, in his office in the southeastern city of Xiamen. Cai said he had bid with the intention of paying, then had second thoughts and decided it\u2019s wrong to do so. He again denied acting in concert with China\u2019s government.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<p>The Christie\u2019s International sale is renewing debate in art circles on the moral and legal right of auction houses to sell controversial items, including those that some nations regard as looted. Cai\u2019s default may also heighten calls for more checks on bidders. Art transactions were worth 43.3 billion euros ($54.5 billion) in 2006, according to a 2008 report by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tefaf.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the European Fine Art Foundation<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>International Law<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Christie\u2019s has always held that the sale of all of the Saint Laurent items, including the sculptures, was legitimate because the items had legal titles. Not so, said an ad hoc group of lawyers in China that in January threatened to sue Christie\u2019s for offering the animal-head bronzes, saying it contravened international law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The mid-18th-century sculptures of a rabbit and a rat were taken from the Old Summer Palace in Beijing by invading French and British soldiers in 1860.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The 1995 United Nations Unidroit Convention limits claims on stolen cultural artifacts to within 50 years of their theft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On Feb. 23 in Paris (Xiamen is seven hours ahead of France), a court ruled that the sale could go ahead. Hours later, Cai called <a href=\"https:\/\/www.christies.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Christie\u2019s<\/a> Shanghai-based business development director Wang Jie from his favorite leather couch on his dark-wood, second-floor office and registered to bid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cI thought to myself, \u2018It\u2019s impossible to find these items again,\u2019\u201d Cai said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<script type=\"text\/javascript\">\namzn_assoc_placement = \"adunit0\";\namzn_assoc_tracking_id = \"thespeciguide-20\";\namzn_assoc_ad_mode = \"manual\";\namzn_assoc_ad_type = \"smart\";\namzn_assoc_marketplace = \"amazon\";\namzn_assoc_region = \"US\";\namzn_assoc_linkid = \"02442220f1cf6e5d6d9d066eef948244\";\namzn_assoc_asins = \"0999404695,1602200211,1138080551,0824823281\";\namzn_assoc_title = \"Related Reading & History\";\namzn_assoc_search_bar = \"true\";\n<\/script>\n<script src=\"\/\/z-na.amazon-adsystem.com\/widgets\/onejs?MarketPlace=US\"><\/script>\n\n\n\n<p>No Documents<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On the afternoon of Feb. 25, Cai said, Wang called to say Christie\u2019s agreed, after an internal meeting, that he would have three to four months to settle the bill if he won. None of the agreements was documented, Cai said. That contravenes Christie\u2019s own terms-of-sale rules, stated at the back of its brochure, that \u201ca prospective buyer must complete and sign a registration form and provide identification before bidding.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Christie\u2019s Hong Kong-based spokeswoman <a href=\"https:\/\/search.bloomberg.com\/search?q=Kate+Malin&amp;site=wnews&amp;client=wnews&amp;proxystylesheet=wnews&amp;output=xml_no_dtd&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;oe=UTF-8&amp;filter=p&amp;getfields=wnnis&amp;sort=date:D:S:d1\">Kate Malin<\/a> would not verify Cai\u2019s identity and said the company would not comment on the bronzes sale because of client confidentiality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s not uncommon for auction houses to let their best customers and those they consider wealthy bid on big-ticket items without asking guarantees or proof of ability to pay, said <a href=\"https:\/\/search.bloomberg.com\/search?q=George+Sutton&amp;site=wnews&amp;client=wnews&amp;proxystylesheet=wnews&amp;output=xml_no_dtd&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;oe=UTF-8&amp;filter=p&amp;getfields=wnnis&amp;sort=date:D:S:d1\">George Sutton<\/a>, a Minneapolis-based analyst with Craig-Hallum Capital Group, who covers Christie\u2019s rival <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bloomberg.com\/apps\/quote?ticker=BID%3AUS\">Sotheby\u2019s<\/a>. French billionaire <a href=\"https:\/\/search.bloomberg.com\/search?q=Francois+Pinault&amp;site=wnews&amp;client=wnews&amp;proxystylesheet=wnews&amp;output=xml_no_dtd&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;oe=UTF-8&amp;filter=p&amp;getfields=wnnis&amp;sort=date:D:S:d1\">Francois Pinault<\/a> owns London-based Christie\u2019s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cSomething like this isn\u2019t good for the reputation of the auction house,\u201d said Sutton, \u201cAnd will cause the need for change. This suggests possibly that change should happen.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThese days,\u201d said Cai, \u201cyou can\u2019t even get a loan of 10,000 yuan ($1,289) without pledging your house or car as collateral, and I could just bid on an item worth hundreds of millions of yuan with one phone call.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Buzz Cut<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cai\u2019s black, unbuttoned choker-collar suit hung loosely on his tanned 5-foot-2-inch frame. He wore a buzz cut, rubber-soled black canvas shoes and a three-day-old moustache. Cai moved as quickly as he spoke, with a Fujian accent that flattened loud vowels. He smoked three Kent cigarettes in 30 minutes, sometimes struggling to hold back more tears.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cai, a native of Xiamen, wouldn\u2019t say how much he\u2019s worth. The third of a cloth merchant\u2019s four children, he said he inherited some money and made the rest in stocks and real estate. Cai said he left Xiamen\u2019s art school at 18 and started in business by renting a store trading cloth. In 2005, he opened <a href=\"https:\/\/www.xinheart.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Xiamen Xinhe Art International Auction Co.<\/a> after leaving the state-backed Xiamen Auction Co. where he said he started the art-sale department.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ming Buddha<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In October 2006, Cai made headlines when he paid a record HK$117 million ($15 million) for a Ming Dynasty Shakyamuni bronze Buddha at a Sotheby\u2019s auction in Hong Kong. Cai said he settled the bill in three months and it shouldn\u2019t matter how he did so. He said he still owns the Buddha, which is kept in a safe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cHe has a very good reputation with art dealers,\u201d said <a href=\"https:\/\/www.keverne.co.uk\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Roger Keverne<\/a>, 62, head of his namesake gallery and chairman of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.asianartinlondon.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Asian Art in London<\/a>, an annual exhibition by the city\u2019s galleries. Keverne said he\u2019d met Cai in Beijing and Hong Kong in the past few years. \u201cI found him charming, his manners immaculate. I have only heard good things about him.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At about 2 a.m. Xiamen time on Feb. 26, the last day of the Saint Laurent sale was under way in Paris. With seven lots to go before the bronzes came up, Cai got a call from Christie\u2019s Asia Deputy Chairman <a href=\"https:\/\/search.bloomberg.com\/search?q=Ken+Yeh&amp;site=wnews&amp;client=wnews&amp;proxystylesheet=wnews&amp;output=xml_no_dtd&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;oe=UTF-8&amp;filter=p&amp;getfields=wnnis&amp;sort=date:D:S:d1\">Ken Yeh<\/a> to prepare to bid. Cai watched the auction live from a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ifeng.com\/phoenixtv\/77405618595430400\/index.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Phoenix Television<\/a> broadcast. First came the rat head. Cai looked on as the bidding on Lot 677 climbed from 9 million euros to 10 million euros to 11 million euros.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cJust as they were about to close the deal, I went in,\u201d said Cai. \u201cI felt if I didn\u2019t bid, I will lose it forever.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bid Applause<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>He offered 12 million euros. A rival countered with 13 million euros, so Cai went up to 14 million euros &#8212; the final bid. Applause broke out. Next up was the rabbit head. Cai\u2019s 14 million-euro bid beat a rival\u2019s 13.5 million euros and he secured the second bronze.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cAt that time, maybe I didn\u2019t consider if I could pay for them,\u201d said Cai. \u201cAt the most, I would sell some of my ceramics to pay for them.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hours after the auction ended, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sach.gov.cn\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">State Administration of Cultural Heritage<\/a> responded to the sale with a circular requiring Christie\u2019s to detail the ownership and provenance of artifacts it brings into or out of China. When Cai heard of this, he started to question his purchase.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cI felt an internal struggle,\u201d he said. \u201cI felt, \u2018If I paid this money and I can\u2019t get the goods, what do I do?\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Unpaid Adviser<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That afternoon, Cai called and asked for a meeting with Niu Xianfeng, a Beijing-based deputy director of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ccnt.gov.cn\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ministry of Culture<\/a> affiliate National Treasures Fund, which helps retrieve lost relics abroad. Cai has been an unpaid adviser with the fund since December 2007.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cai said he kept calling Christie\u2019s Wang between Feb. 26 and March 1 seeking the bill and the condition report of the bronzes. Cai said Wang told him Christie\u2019s was chaotic and that people were away and that he should try later. Cai said he didn\u2019t get any documents from Christie\u2019s about the sale. Christie\u2019s Malin declined to comment about this.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cai came to think that accepting the bronzes was like buying \u201ctwo time bombs and placing them at home, not knowing when they will explode.\u201d Asked if he considered that before bidding, Cai said he couldn\u2019t tell what prompted him to, just that he felt \u201cmixed emotions\u201d when the sculptures were on the block.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On Feb. 28, Niu and colleague Wang Weiming arrived at the Xinhe office and Cai told them he won the auction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Officials \u2018Shocked\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThey were shocked,\u201d Cai said. \u201cThen they said, \u2018Good, good, we thought foreigners had bought them.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Niu didn\u2019t answer his cell phone seeking comment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cai said he asked Niu and Wang to organize a news conference in Beijing under the National Treasures Fund\u2019s banner to end speculation on who bought the bronzes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After his March 2 news conference, Cai had the art world speculating on his motives and whether he had state backing. That night, he flew back to his office in Xiamen, a city of 2.5 million people just across the sea from Taiwan, sat on his couch and wept.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A <a href=\"https:\/\/view.home.news.cn\/news\/10939665.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">March 4 Xinhua commentary<\/a> compared Cai\u2019s default with not paying ransom to kidnappers. \u201cPaying would encourage more such stealing, and make the robbers happy,\u201d the commentary said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Berge\u2019s Choice<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/search.bloomberg.com\/search?q=Pierre+Berge&amp;site=wnews&amp;client=wnews&amp;proxystylesheet=wnews&amp;output=xml_no_dtd&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;oe=UTF-8&amp;filter=p&amp;getfields=wnnis&amp;sort=date:D:S:d1\">Pierre Berge<\/a>, partner of the late Yves Saint Laurent and the man who put the art collection up for sale, will keep the bronzes at home if they don\u2019t sell, Agence France-Presse reported on March 3, citing him in an interview with French radio. Berge couldn\u2019t immediately be reached for comment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIf he wants to keep them at home, let him do it,\u201d said Cai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hong Kong antiques dealer Yumi Kunizuka, whose family consigned a collection in London in 1989, said this case is not so much a lesson in law and art-auction protocol than manners.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe whole matter could have been handled with more grace and wisdom by Christie\u2019s, Berge and Cai,\u201d said Kunizuka. Berge could have done more for Saint Laurent\u2019s memory by not flaunting the bronzes, Christie\u2019s shouldn\u2019t have agreed to auction the items and Cai was unprofessional in what he did, Kunizuka said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Hong Kong, where the auction house and main rival Sotheby\u2019s hold biannual art sales, is Christie\u2019s hub for the sale of Chinese antiquities, with revenue of more than HK$1 billion last year. Including other art categories, Christie\u2019s Hong Kong sales last year tallied $452.3 million, about 11 percent of its total.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Export License<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On March 6, Xinhua said, citing Cultural Heritage Administration Director Shan Jixiang, that its circular on Christie\u2019s \u201cdoes not limit the return\u201d of the bronzes. According to the terms of sale stated in Christie\u2019s brochure, it\u2019s \u201cthe buyer\u2019s sole responsibility to obtain any relevant export or import license. The denial of license or the delay in obtaining licenses\u201d don\u2019t justify the rescission of sale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>China isn\u2019t the only nation trying to repatriate lost treasures, said He Shuzhong, founder of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bjchp.org\/wb\/html\/main\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Beijing Cultural Heritage Protection Center<\/a>, a nongovernmental organization.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Last week, the Indian government said it facilitated the return of independence leader <a href=\"https:\/\/search.bloomberg.com\/search?q=Mahatma+Gandhi%3Fs&amp;site=wnews&amp;client=wnews&amp;proxystylesheet=wnews&amp;output=xml_no_dtd&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;oe=UTF-8&amp;filter=p&amp;getfields=wnnis&amp;sort=date:D:S:d1\">Mahatma Gandhi\u2019s<\/a> personal effects from a New York auction after the Indian public decried the sale. Indian liquor magnate Vijay Mallya paid $2.1 million for the items, which included Gandhi\u2019s glasses, sandals and pocket watch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bounds of Law<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Retrieving the items should be done in a calm way that is within the bounds of law and respectable conduct, said He. Rash actions in the name of patriotism would backfire, he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Art-auction defaults aren\u2019t new. In 1987, Australian businessman <a href=\"https:\/\/search.bloomberg.com\/search?q=Alan+Bond&amp;site=wnews&amp;client=wnews&amp;proxystylesheet=wnews&amp;output=xml_no_dtd&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;oe=UTF-8&amp;filter=p&amp;getfields=wnnis&amp;sort=date:D:S:d1\">Alan Bond<\/a> bid a record $53.9 million at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sothebys.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sotheby\u2019s<\/a> New York for <a href=\"https:\/\/search.bloomberg.com\/search?q=Vincent+van+Gogh&amp;site=wnews&amp;client=wnews&amp;proxystylesheet=wnews&amp;output=xml_no_dtd&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;oe=UTF-8&amp;filter=p&amp;getfields=wnnis&amp;sort=date:D:S:d1\">Vincent van Gogh<\/a>\u2019s \u201cIrises,\u201d then a record price for any work of art, and couldn\u2019t pay for it. The painting had to be resold.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In September last year, Sotheby\u2019s sued Cnet Inc. founder Halsey Minor to recover $16.8 million that the auction house said it\u2019s owed for three pieces he bought at sales. Later that month, Minor sued Sotheby\u2019s for not disclosing that the consignor of a painting he bought owes the auction house money.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The default on the bronzes purchase raises the question of how well auction houses perform their due diligence and whose interest they represent. Christie\u2019s brochure states it \u201cacts as agent for the seller.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Auction houses make most of their commission from buyers, who pay up to 25 percent of the hammer price on their purchases, as they lower or waive commission for sellers to secure the right to represent the most valuable collections.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>European Auction<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The dispute marred the most successful auction in Europe, with 373.9 million euros raised and 96 percent of lots sold including the bronzes. Cai\u2019s winning bid totaled 31.5 million euros, including Christie\u2019s 3.5 million-euro commission.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In Cai\u2019s 2,000-square-foot office, hydraulic-powered mahogany doors opened to reveal a sanctum lined with ceramics and Buddhas dating back as far back as the 14th century.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>He swiped his wallet across a section of wall embedded with an electronic lock and a secret stairway appeared, leading to an underground showroom with hundreds of antiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cai said that, fearing for his reputation, he\u2019s canceling Xinhe\u2019s spring sale, which tallied 47.4 million yuan last year, one of the Fujian province\u2019s biggest. The fall sale may also be called off.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If he could do it again, Cai isn\u2019t sure he would bid for the bronzes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cNo one (in the government) knew what I was doing,\u201d said Cai. \u201cEven if they knew, they wouldn\u2019t look for me. Why should I help? I am not on their payroll.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>He said he\u2019s now trying to pick up the pieces of his life. If he ends his art-auction activity, Cai said he may focus on his real-estate and securities trading businesses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWhen I turn on my cell phone and walk out of this place, I really don\u2019t know what kind of life I will have,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To contact the writer on the story: <a href=\"https:\/\/search.bloomberg.com\/search?q=Le-Min+Lim&amp;site=wnews&amp;client=wnews&amp;proxystylesheet=wnews&amp;output=xml_no_dtd&amp;ie=UTF-8&amp;oe=UTF-8&amp;filter=p&amp;getfields=wnnis&amp;sort=date:D:S:d1\">Le-Min Lim<\/a> in Hong Kong at <a href=\"mailto:lmlim@bloomberg.net\">lmlim@bloomberg.net<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">China conveniently forgets the provenance of &#8216;looted&#8217; bronze heads<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Hero or hooligan \u2014 opinions are divided on Cai Mingchao, the Chinese man who bid US$50-million for two bronze heads from the collection of fashion designer Yves Saint Laurent, but then announced he had no intention of paying for them. The Qing dynasty sculptures of a rat and a dog were looted by British and French troops from the old imperial Summer Palace near Beijing more than 150 years ago.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>China says its feelings were \u201churt\u201d by the sale, but it\u2019s arguable British and French feelings were also hurt by the incident that preceded the looting.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>First, though, Cai and his \u201cpatriotic\u201d stand. In a story carried on the front page of The China Daily, he put the loftiest spin on his actions: \u201cThe auction negated the history that the cultural relics were looted, defied the ethics of international society, and breached the rules of commercial auctions,\u201d he said. An online survey conducted by sina.com.cn, a Chinese government-run Web site, also showed more than 70% of the netizens support Cai\u2019s action for he had safeguarded China\u2019s interests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As the BBC noted, another commentator, writing in the Beijing News, also lavished praise on the bogus bidder. \u201cCai Mingchao\u2019s bid was a patriotic political act to strike back at an illegal auction,\u201d said Wang Zhanyang, a professor at the Central Socialist Academy. In a typical example of Chinese double-think, he added the art expert had not caused any trouble because the Chinese government did not recognize the legality of the sale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Elsewhere, responses were less enthusiastic. According to Agence France-Presse, Liang Fafu, a blogger, said Cai had made the Chinese \u201clook even worse on the international scene.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cWe come across as untrustworthy people, a bunch of con men. Who wants to deal with that kind of people in the future?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zhao Yu, a senior culture ministry official, told the Beijing Times Cai\u2019s behaviour had done his compatriots no favour. \u201cIn overseas auctions\u2026 bidders usually need no deposit and simply rely on their reputation,\u201d he said. \u201cThe fact that Cai Mingchao has gone back on his word in reality means he has undermined the credibility enjoyed by Chinese people at large international auctions.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>His muted response also has something to do with the provenance of the heads themselves. As Richard Spencer, The Daily Telegraph\u2019s correspondent in Beijing, explains in his blog, \u201cState media, while particularly sensitive to the European insult, are often rather careful to avoid hyping these items up as examples of high Chinese culture: for good reason, as they are not really Chinese, and the whole story of the fountain of which they are part is shrouded in ambiguity.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s also worth recalling how the heads came to be in western hands in the first place. It\u2019s not as if the British and French woke up one day and decided to launch an expedition to loot the Yuanming Yuan. Rather they were responding to an atrocity perpetrated by the emperor Xianfeng \u2014&nbsp; the torture of two western envoys sent under a flag of truce to negotiate, and the murder of most of their small escort of British, French and Indian troopers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As Geremie Barm\u00e9 writes in his history of the palace, The Garden of Perfect Brightness, A Life in Ruins (link through Spencer blog), \u201cIn the autumn of 1860, a delegation of English and French negotiators were despatched to Peking to exchange treaties with the Chinese court following a peace settlement that had been forced on Peking \u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cAfter numerous prevarications, bluffs and acts of deception on the part of the Qing Court, the emissaries of the emperor \u2026 detained 39 members of the delegation. They were imprisoned in the Yuan Ming Yuan, used as hostages in the negotiations with the foreign powers, and subsequently tortured. Of their number 18 died and, when their bodies were eventually returned to the Allied forces in October, 1860, even the liberal use of lime in their coffins could not conceal the fact that they had suffered horribly before expiring.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In giving the order to loot the palace, Lord Elgin, the British high commissioner to China, wanted to punish the emperor and his officials, not his people.&nbsp; Memory of this part of the proceedings has faded from Chinese consciousness, Barm\u00e9 goes on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cAlthough without doubt an act of wanton barbarism, it is revealing that in popular Mainland Chinese accounts of the sackings of the palaces available to readers since the 1980s, one is hard pressed to find any mention of the atrocities committed by the Qing negotiators that led to this final act of vandalism. Nor in these popular histories are there detailed descriptions of the sly manipulations of the Qing Court in the tense days leading up to the sacking.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>National Post<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>awordsworth@nationalpost.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/network.nationalpost.com\/\">https:\/\/network.nationalpost.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Without saying if I agree or disagree, here are two interesting articles which I picked up off the Museum Security Network website (though one was originally from Bloomberg) regarding last years controversial auction of\u00a0 a bronze heads of a rat and a rabbit looted from\u00a0 Beijing&#8217;s Summer Palace\u00a0 in 1860 .\u00a0 Interesting perspectives &#8211; one [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6218,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[977,1696,342],"tags":[1015,760,1014,1013,1016,1017],"class_list":["post-1102","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-antique-auctions","category-chinese-archaic-bronze-and-metalworks","category-furniture-industry-news","tag-cai-mingchao","tag-christies","tag-looted-bronze-heads","tag-summer-palace","tag-yves-saint-laurent","tag-1017"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.antique-chinese-furniture.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1102","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.antique-chinese-furniture.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.antique-chinese-furniture.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.antique-chinese-furniture.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.antique-chinese-furniture.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1102"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/www.antique-chinese-furniture.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1102\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6221,"href":"https:\/\/www.antique-chinese-furniture.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1102\/revisions\/6221"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.antique-chinese-furniture.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6218"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.antique-chinese-furniture.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1102"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.antique-chinese-furniture.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1102"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.antique-chinese-furniture.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1102"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}